Article 1633. Grounds for the establishment of personal security

(1) A personal security may be assumed by the security provider through a contract with the creditor (suretyship contract or, as applicable, an independent personal security contract).
(2) In the case of a personal security assumed by contract, the creditor is considered to have accepted the security provider’s offer as soon as the offer reaches the creditor, unless the offer requires express acceptance or the creditor, without undue delay, rejects the offer or reserves time for review.
(3) A personal security may also be assumed by the security provider through a unilateral juridical act that expressly or clearly implies its irrevocability. Such a security takes effect without the creditor’s acceptance. The provisions of this chapter apply accordingly.
(4) A personal security may be assumed gratuitously or in exchange for remuneration.
(5) A personal security may be assumed without the debtor’s knowledge and even against the debtor’s will.